Conditional 3 :
Conditional Type 3 : الجمل الشرطية
Use :
Conditional 3 is ued to express conditions in the past that did not happen.
It’s often used to express criticism or regret with would have, could have or should have.
| IF CLAUSE | MAIN CLAUSE |
|---|---|
| If + had + past participle | Would + have + past participle |
.يستخدم للنقد أو التحسر عن شيء ما كان ليحصل لو توفرت ظروف معينة Conditional 3
:للفهم أكثر نأخذ كمثال
If you had asked (past perfect) me, I would have helped you (would have +past participle).
“لو طلبت مني المساعدة، لساعدتك”
:في هذا المثال
أنت لم تطلب مني المساعدة إذا لم أساعدك
Past Perfect يصرف في If نلاحظ أن الفعل في الجزء الأول والذي يبتدئ ب
would have + past participle و الفعل في الجزء الثاني: يبتدئ ب
:كما يمكننا عكس مواقع الجزء الأول و الجزء الثاني من الجملة، ويبقى المعنى على حاله، فنقول
I would have helped you, If you had asked me
Examples :
| IF CLAUSE | MAIN CLAUSE |
|---|---|
| If I had worked harder | I would have passed my exam |
| If I had worked harder | I could have passed my exam |
| If I had worked harder | I should have passed my exam |
OR
| MAIN CLAUSE | IF CLAUSE |
|---|---|
| I would have passed my exam | If I had worked harder |
| I could have passed my exam | If I had worked harder |
| I should have passed my exam | If I had worked harder |
Note :
We never use would have, or wouldn’t have etc in the if clause.
Examples :
- If I hadn’t seen you, you would have lost your way.
- You would have lost your way, if I hadn’t seen you. ( I saw you so you didn’t lose your way).
- If it had been sunny we could have gone out.
- We could have gone out, if it had been sunny ( we didn’t go out because it wasn’t sunny).