:Passive Voice Part 1
Passive Voice Part 2:
المبني للمجهول : Passive Voice
تنقسم أنواع الجملة الإنجليزية إلى نوعين اثنين :
وهي جملة المبني للمعلوم ويكون الفاعــل في أول الجملة Active Voice
وهي جملة المبني للمجهول ويكون المفعول به أول الجملة Passive Voice
I) Use of passive voice :
The passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It’s not important, who or what is performing the action.
نقوم باستخدام المبني للمجهول عندما يكون الفاعل بالجملة غير مهم
“The door was opened.” مثلاً فتح الباب
لا يهمنا من الذي فتح الباب بقدر ما يهمنا عملية فتح الباب
Examples :
- Dinner was prepared. (Passive Voice)
In the example of passive voice above, the focus is on the fact that dinner was prepared. We do not know, who prepared it.
- A house was destroyed. (we don’t know who destroyed the house)
When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following :
- The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
- The finite form of the verb is changed ( to be + past participle ).
- The subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped).
Form of passive :
[ Subject + finite form of to be + past participle ]
Examples of passive :
| Tense | Voice | Subject | Verb | Object |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simple present | Active | The father | prepares | breakfast |
| Simple present | Passive | Breakfast | is prepared | by the father |
| Simple past | Active | The father | prepared | breakfast |
| Simple past | Passive | Breakfast | was prepared | by the father |
| Present perfect | Active | The father | has prepared | breakfast |
| Present perfect | Passive | Breakfast | has been prepared | by the father |
| Future simple | Active | The father | will prepare | breakfast |
| Future simple | Passive | Breakfast | will be prepared | by the father |
| Present progressive | Active | The father | is preparing | breakfast |
| Present progressive | Passive | breakfast | is being prepared | by the father |
| Past progressive | Active | The father | was preparing | breakfast |
| Past progressive | Passive | Breakfast | was being prepared | by the father |
| Past perfect | Active | The father | had prepared | breakfast |
| Past perfect | Passive | Breakfast | had been prepared | by the father |
| Future 2 | Active | The father | will have prepared | breakfast |
| Future 2 | Passive | Breakfast | will have been prepared | by the father |
| Conditional 2 | Active | The father | would prepare | breakfast |
| Conditional 2 | Passive | Breakfast | would be prepared | by the father |
| Conditional 3 | Active | The father | would have prepared | breakfast |
| Conditional 3 | Passive | Breakfast | would have been prepared | by the father |
II) Passive sentences with two objects :
| Subject | Verb | Object 1 | Object 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active | My friend | wrote | a letter | to me |
| Passive | A letter | was written | to me | by my friend |
| Passive | I | was written | a letter | by my friend |
He says – it is said
English, impersonal passive is only possible with verbs of perception ( e.g say, think, know).
Example :
- They say that women live longer than men. (Active)
- It is said that women live longer than men. (Passive)
Although impersonal passive is possible here, personal passive is more common.
Example :
- They say that women live longer than men. (Active)
- Women are said to live longer than men. (Passive)
Passive voice for present / future modals :
” Can, May, Might, Should, Must, Ought To”
| Active voice | Passive voice |
|---|---|
| Can My brother can repair the boat | Can be The boat can be repaired by my brother. |
| Might Guests might play chess | Might be Chess might be played by guests |
| Should The teacher should explain all the lessons | Should be All the lessons should be explained by the teacher |
| Must Young people must learn languages | Must be Languages must be learned by young people |
| Ought to Students ought to respect the teachers | Ought to be The teachers ought to be respected by students. |
Passive voice for present / future modals :
“May have, Might have, Should have, Must have, Ought to have, Could have”
| Active voice | Passive voice |
|---|---|
| May have Nadia may have won the prize | May have been The prize may have been won by Nadia |
| Might have Ahmed might have eaten the food | Might have been the food might have been eaten by Ahmed. |
| Should have The teacher should have explained all lessons | Should have been All lessons should have been explained by the teacher |
| Must have He must have e.mailed the letter. | Must have been the letter must have been emailed. |
| Ought to have Students ought to have revised the lesson | Ought to have been The lesson ought to have been revised. |
Exams Exercises:
الانجليزية 2017 الامتحان الوطني الموحد للباك الدورة العادية كل مسالك الشعب العلمية و التقنية والأصيلة ومسالك الباكالوريا المهنية
D. REWRITE THE SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. (3 pts)
2. Many schools have installed surveillance cameras. (Present Perfect)
Surveillance cameras …………………………
( to be >> Present Perfect )
2016 الانجليزية الامتحان الوطني الموحد للباك الدورة الاستدراكية كل مسالك الشعب العلمية و التقنية والأصيلة
C. REWRITE THE SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. (3 pts)
1. Because of bad weather, the airport authorities cancelled all flights. (Simple Past)
All flights ………………………………
( to be >> Simple Past )
2016 الانجليزية الامتحان الوطني الموحد للباك الدورة الاستدراكية شعبة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية مسلك العلوم الإنسانية
C. REWRITE THE SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. (3 pts)
2. In our association, we give priority to disabled people. ( Present Simple )
In our association, disabled people …………………………
( to be >> Present Simple am/is/are)
2016 الانجليزية الامتحان الوطني الموحد للباك الدورة العادية كل مسالك الشعب العلمية و التقنية والأصيلة
E. REWRITE THE SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. (3 pts)
1. Ahmed Sefrioui wrote “La Boite à Merveilles” in 1954. ( Simple Past)
La Boite à Merveilles ………………………………
( to be >> Simple Past = was/were)
2016 الانجليزية الامتحان الوطني الموحد للباك الدورة العادية شعبة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية مسلك العلوم الإنسانية
D. REWRITE THE SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. (3 pts)
1. Schools should give music lessons to children. ( Modal )
Music lessons …………………………
( Should + base form of the infinitive: verb without To. Ex: be instead of To be )
2015 الانجليزية الامتحان الوطني الموحد للباك الدورة الاستدراكية كل مسالك الشعب العلمية و التقنية والأصيلة
E. REWRITE THE SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. (3 pts)
1. The teacher gave the students an hour to the test. ( Simple Past)
The students………………………………
( to be >> Simple Past = was / were )
2016 الانجليزية الامتحان الوطني الموحد للباك الدورة العادية شعبة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية مسلك الآداب
C. REWRITE THE SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. (3 pts)
3. In this hotel, they serve breakfast at 7 a.m. ( Simple Present )
In this hotel, breakfast …………………………
( to be >> Simple Present = am / is / are )
2015 الانجليزية الامتحان الوطني الموحد للباك الدورة العادية كل مسالك الشعب العلمية و التقنية والأصيلة
REWRITE THE SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. (3 pts)
1. They will build a big theatre in Rabat. ( Future Simple )
A big theatre ………………………………
( to be >> Future Simple = Will be )
2015 الانجليزية الامتحان الوطني الموحد للباك الدورة العادية شعبة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية مسلك العلوم الإنسانية
D. REWRITE THE SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. (3 pts)
2. The government offered financial assistance to small businesses. ( Simple Past )
Financial assistance …………………………
( To be >> Simple Past = was / were )
2015 الانجليزية الامتحان الوطني الموحد للباك الدورة الاستدراكية شعبة الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية مسلك الآداب
REWRITE THE SENTENCES BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. (3 pts)
1. The government has taken new measures for the benefit of illegal immigrants.
New measures ………………………………
( to be >> Present Perfect = Have/Has + been )